1. Aluminum Zirconium Compounds
-
Function: Used in antiperspirants to control sweat and odour.
-
Regulatory Status: The European Commission has issued opinions on the safety of aluminum compounds in cosmetics, including antiperspirants.
-
Health Concerns: Potential links to breast cancer and Alzheimer's disease, though evidence is inconclusive.
2. Butylated HydroxyToluene (BHT)
-
Function: Acts as an antioxidant and preservative.
-
Regulatory Status: The UK has restricted the use of BHT in cosmetic products.
-
Health Concerns: Possible endocrine disruptor and skin irritant.
3. Parabens (e.g., Methylparaben, Propylparaben)
-
Function: Common preservatives in cosmetics.
-
Regulatory Status: The EU has banned certain parabens and restricted others in cosmetic products.
-
Health Concerns: Potential endocrine disruptors and links to breast cancer.
4. Formaldehyde and Formaldehyde-Releasing Preservatives
-
Function: Used as a preservative and disinfectant.
-
Regulatory Status: Formaldehyde is banned in cosmetics in the EU.
-
Health Concerns: Known carcinogen and respiratory irritant
5. Phthalates (e.g., Dibutyl Phthalate)
-
Function: Used as a plasticizer and fragrance fixative.
-
Regulatory Status: Certain phthalates are banned in cosmetics in the EU.
-
Health Concerns: Potential endocrine disruptors and developmental toxins.
6. Triclosan
-
Function: Antibacterial agent.
-
Regulatory Status: Restricted in cosmetics in the EU and Canada.
-
Health Concerns: Potential endocrine disruptor and contributor to antibiotic resistance.
7. Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) / Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES)
-
Function: Surfactants used for cleansing and foaming.
-
Regulatory Status: Permitted in cosmetics but subject to concentration limits in the EU.
-
Health Concerns: Can cause skin irritation and dryness.
8. Talc
-
Function: Absorbs moisture and adds texture.
-
Regulatory Status: Talc is permitted in cosmetics but must be free from asbestos contamination.
-
Health Concerns: Potential link to ovarian cancer and respiratory issues if contaminated with asbestos.
9. Fragrance (Parfum)
-
Function: Adds scent to products.
-
Regulatory Status: Not required to disclose individual components; may contain allergens.
-
Health Concerns: Can cause allergic reactions and skin irritation.
10. Hydroquinone
-
Function: Skin lightening agent.
-
Regulatory Status: Restricted in cosmetic products in the EU.